Ligamentos: colateral medial e lateral, cruzado anterior e cruzado posterior
Cartilagem, incluindo o menisco
LĆquido sinovial
Músculos e tendões responsÔveis pelo seu movimento
Existem diferentes problemas que podem afetar os joelhos, e causar dor e inflamação. Podem ocorrer em qualquer idade, e podem estar relacionados com traumas mecĆ¢nicos especĆficos, a presenƧa de uma doenƧa ou desgaste devido Ć passagem do tempo. O excesso de peso pode desempenhar um papel crucial no desenvolvimento de dores e problemas no joelho, assim como muitos desportos fĆsicos e pesados ou trabalhos.
As causas mais comuns de dor no joelho podem ser:
Presença de osteoartrite ou artrose: estes representam os problemas crónicos mais comuns, envolvem desgaste e degeneração da cartilagem e causam dor, inchaço e rigidez
Lesões ligamentares (entorses): muito frequentes entre os desportistas, podem ser de diferentes graus e causar tensão, ruptura parcial ou total do ligamento
LesƵes meniscais parciais ou totais
Lesões do tendão
Fraturas ósseas
Problemas musculares
Diagnóstico e tratamentos para as dores no joelho
O CBD, graças à sua atividade modulatória sobre o sistema endocanabinóide, pode aliviar a dor no joelho resultante de vÔrias causas. Em particular, o CBD forneceria:
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Rzeczycki, P., Rasner, C., Lammlin, L., Junginger, L., Goldman, S., Bergman, R., Redding, S., Knights, A. J., Elliott, M., & Maerz, T. (2021). Cannabinoid receptor type 2 is upregulated in synovium following joint injury and mediates anti-inflammatory effects in synovial fibroblasts and macrophages. Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 29(12), 1720ā1731.
Richardson, D., Pearson, R. G., Kurian, N., Latif, M. L., Garle, M. J., Barrett, D. A., Kendall, D. A., Scammell, B. E., Reeve, A. J., & Chapman, V. (2008). Characterisation of the cannabinoid receptor system in synovial tissue and fluid in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis research & therapy, 10(2), R43.
Valastro, C., Campanile, D., Marinaro, M., Franchini, D., Piscitelli, F., Verde, R., Di Marzo, V., & Di Bello, A. (2017). Characterization of endocannabinoids and related acylethanolamides in the synovial fluid of dogs with osteoarthritis: a pilot study. BMC veterinary research, 13(1), 309. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-017-1245-7
Kogan NM, Melamed E, Wasserman E, et al. Cannabidiol, a Major Non-Psychotropic Cannabis Constituent Enhances Fracture Healing and Stimulates Lysyl Hydroxylase Activity in Osteoblasts. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. 2015 Oct;30(10)
Malfait, A. M., Gallily, R., Sumariwalla, P. F., Malik, A. S., Andreakos, E., Mechoulam, R., & Feldmann, M. (2000). The nonpsychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is an oral anti-arthritic therapeutic in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(17), 9561ā9566.
Philpott, H. T., OāBrien, M., & McDougall, J. J. (2017). Attenuation of early phase inflammation by cannabidiol prevents pain and nerve damage in rat osteoarthritis. Pain, 158(12), 2442ā2451.
Hammell, D. C., Zhang, L. P., Ma, F., Abshire, S. M., McIlwrath, S. L., Stinchcomb, A. L., & Westlund, K. N. (2016). Transdermal cannabidiol reduces inflammation and pain-related behaviours in a rat model of arthritis. European journal of pain (London, England), 20(6), 936ā948.
Gamble, L. J., Boesch, J. M., Frye, C. W., Schwark, W. S., Mann, S., Wolfe, L., Brown, H., Berthelsen, E. S., & Wakshlag, J. J. (2018). Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Clinical Efficacy of Cannabidiol Treatment in Osteoarthritic Dogs. Frontiers in veterinary science, 5, 165
Miller, R. J., & Miller, R. E. (2017). Is cannabis an effective treatment for joint pain?. Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 35 Suppl 107(5), 59ā67.
Vannabouathong, C., Zhu, M., Chang, Y., & Bhandari, M. (2021). Can Medical Cannabis Therapies be Cost-Effective in the Non-Surgical Management of Chronic Knee Pain?. Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders, 14, 11795441211002492.
Hunter, D.J., Oldfield, G., Tich, N., Messenheimer, J.A., & Sebree, T.B. (2018). Synthetic transdermal cannabidiol for the treatment of knee pain due to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 26.
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